Composting in Pictures, Spring 2016


Hot composting at Hovander          Photo by Tony Welch
Drying out grass clippings to create "brown" material          Photo by Tony Welch 

160 F - hot enough to kill pathogens, weeds, and most seeds          Photo by Tony Welch
Mill Shires at Happy Valley Community Garden


Amber Kelley building worm bins at the 2016 MG Plant Sale







Remembering Allen E. McHenry


On May 1, the Whatcom County Master Gardener family lost one of our long time members. Al McHenry past away in Lynden.  Below is his obituary from the Bellingham Herald.

Allen E. McHenry
Obituary
Allen E. McHenry, age 86, of Lynden passed away after a long battle with Parkinson's disease at the Christian Health Care Center on May 1, 2016. Allen was born in Jacksonville, Florida on September 9, 1929 to John H. and Myrtle (Lane) McHenry. He graduated from Robert E. Lee High School in Jacksonville, where he began Track and Field. Allen received an athletic scholarship for the High Jump to the University of Alabama. After college Allen served in both the Navy and Army. He represented the latter at the 1952 Olympic Trials. He remained in the Army Reserves for 30 years, retiring at the rank of Colonel. Allen married Cleo K. Bliss on April 10, 1953 and they had three children, Blair McHenry, Kent (Rhonda) McHenry, and Laurie (Bob) Comley. Allen worked for the Washington State department of Transportation for 32 years. After retiring he worked for the Whatcom County Master Gardeners where he taught pruning and grafting classes. Allen had a love of fishing and the outdoors; he enjoyed his gardening, and passing on his knowledge to others. Services with military honors will be held at 2:00 PM on Saturday, May 14th, 2016 at the Lynden Community Church. There will be a fellowship at the church after the services. You are invited to share your condolences and memories in the online guest book at www.gilliesfuneralhome.com.

From the Clinic Desk

Jeff Dodson, MG 2014


Greetings from the Clinic Desk,

Spring has officially sprung as can be attested to by the wide and varied problems that have crossed the clinic desk.  Luckily, we have an outstanding group of clinicians (more about them as individuals in next month’s entry from the Clinic Desk) that can be found each morning of the work week poring over the problems that have arisen in Whatcom County’s gardens.  Interns from this year’s Master Gardener class are putting in volunteer hours with the veteran clinicians that inevitably turn out to be learning experiences for all involved.

Something we see a lot of and that can be somewhat confusing to home gardeners are galls on plants.  If you would indulge me, I would like to go from general to specific and write a little about galls.  These are growths that occur on all parts of plants and are usually in response to a certain stimulus.  Bacteria, fungi and insects can all be contributors to the initiation and continued growth of plant galls.  Although galls are usually quite distinctive to the organism that causes them, I find insect galls particularly interesting because of the gall’s extreme specificity and appearance to a certain type of plant depending on the insect.  It all begins with the deposition of an insect egg into the plant tissue (leaf, stem, root, flower bud).  The presence of the egg generally initiates the plant to produce tissue, but as it hatches and the larva grows, things really get curious.  Hormones from the insect stimulate the plant to make more and more tissue. These tissues become increasingly unique until the gall produced takes on an appearance that is distinctive to the insect that caused it.  Skilled individuals can often identify the insect to genus (and sometimes species) just by the appearance of the gall.  Examples of insect galls include….

Source


Source

Source
Surprisingly, these insect galls prove to be almost totally harmless to the plants upon which they appear.  Eventually, the insect (wasp, bee, fly, etc…) pupates, matures and leaves the gall via a small round hole.  The presence of this exit hole is the way one can tell whether or not the gall is still occupied.

Anybody want to start an insect gall collection?  I’ve seen some pretty impressive ones.
Specifically, however, I want to highlight a sample that was brought into the clinic by one of this year’s  Master Gardener trainees.


This appeared on one of her azaleas, a plant that was hidden in a protected spot under a rhododendron.  It was a place that was humid with very little air circulation.  These are perfect conditions for the fungus Exobasidium vaccina, commonly known to cause azalea leaf gall.  The best non-chemical control for which is the removal of the galled tissue before the appearance of the white powdery spores.  As the weather warms, better air circulation is supplied and lower humidity occurs, this disease goes away all on its own.  Remember the disease triangle?

Best Regards to All,
Jeff

Master Gardener Plant Sale


Thank You, IBEW #191

We would like to thank you so much for your generous donation that allowed us to purchase many foundation plants for the Butterfly Garden at the North Cascades Rehabilitation and Care Center in Bellingham.

As Master Gardener Volunteers, we are so grateful for your donation, and the benefits it will yield to the residents, the staff, and all the pollinators in desperate need of a safe place to rest.

It will also be a perfect educational setting for school groups that are studying pollinators and their importance to everyone.

Again, our heartfelt thanks.

Plant Sale: Where Does The Money Go?

Where Does The Money Go?

Proceeds from the sale:

  • Maintain the Hovander Demonstration Gardens
  • Support the Children's Story Garden
  • Provides scholarships to high school students interested in horticultural, agricultural, and environmental careers
  • Sponsor speakers for garden events and workshops
  • Help train new Master Gardeners



The Case of the Color of Cold

The Case of the Color of Cold
a poem by Digger Spade

His said his cedars may be dead
Their  winter color brownish red
He planted them in early Spring
And watered it through summer’s fling

The soil  around was a dense loam
The trees seemed happy in the gloam
Not too dense so ample light
This year added a good height

So had this everlasting cold
Caused these young tree to up and fold
Perhaps it had, this Spring will tell
If no new growth, Ah well!

But then this may not be its fate
For young red cedar cold weather hate.
Each winter when they are still youngish
The cold will turn their needles brownish
But only on the upper side.

If that’s the case, when Spring arrives
The trees will show that it’s alive
By turning green and growing well
If that doesn’t happen , Ah well

It means the long cold winter weather
Froze water transport altogether

We told him he should inspect
The fronds and stem to there detect
Splits in the stem and fronds all brown
Signs that would show the tree is gorn.

If those aren’t  there the tree should thrive
When Spring is sprung and it’s alive
A spurt of growth will add new height
As it shoots up to find more light

Digger Footnote:
The early November  cold snaps of 2015 and 2016 caught quite a lot of plants stil enjoying mild weather with sap abundant, and young cedar died when the sap froze and the  bark and cambium layers at ground level split away from the trunk.  The winter of 2016 was as cold and lasted longer but didn’t happen until much later in the year.  We will know soon whether that weather was a killer.



The April Issue

Cover photo by Emily Schiller, MG 2008

for more fantastic flora photos, see Emily's blog:




MG Foundation President's Message

Linda Burshia Battle, MG Foundation President



March is certainly going out like a lamb. The sunny weather has been such a joy.  All of the lovely moisture has made this another beautiful Whatcom County spring, absolutely lush with blooms and blossoms.

Work is starting in the gardens at Hovander and the Roeder home.  Community garden volunteers are also stirring. This is spring!  Gardeners love the planning phase of what to plant and where, how to improve the soil, and nurturing the starts;  but the actualization part is the most fulfilling. The cool soil invites us and reminds us of what our gardens will become.  We pull weeds, transplant, mulch, prune and trim, all with the vision of the unfolding beauty as the season progresses.

The new class helped make planting day a success. Another reminder that the annual plant sale is just around the corner. Another year to look forward to and be involved with in any or all of the gardens and opportunities available to Whatcom County Master Gardeners. Dig in! There are lots of opportunities to challenge and enrich you.

Enjoy these sunny days in the gardens.

Linda Burshia Battle



From The Clinic Desk

JEFF DODSON, MG 2014


Hello Everyone from the Clinic Desk,

As what may prove for some of you to be a frightening look into Jeff Dodson’s brain….while thinking about writing this article for the April edition, a song popped into my head, “I’m no fool, no siree, I’m gonna live to be a hundred and three….”  That’s right, Jiminy Cricket.  Naturally, this put me in mind of insects aaaaaannnnddd…..

The other day I got into a discussion at the clinic with one of your fellow Master Gardeners regarding keying an insect that a client brought in from one of their rhododendrons. As with plants, identifying insects can be a daunting endeavor. Fortunately, there are some qualities to insects that make it easier and I am prepared to pass them along to you!

Unlike plants, insects do not respond readily or greatly in their physical appearances to environmental and physiological influences.  Therefore, the internet makes it possible to identify unknown insects by using your powers of observation.  All you need are some terms to put into your “Search.”

(1) As usual, start with what you have in front of you and what you know about it.  You know if what you see is a beetle, a butterfly, an ant, a dragonfly…..PERFECT!  If it is a beetle (as it was in this case), you are halfway there. Note from the editor: Study our in-house collection to get a feel for the different insect orders (e.g., beetles, bugs, flies, butterflies and moths, etc.)

(2) Any information the client has provided, such as what sort of plant the beetle was found upon, can be useful too.  You already know the locale it was found (Whatcom County, Washington) and that is a very important bit of information.

(3) In our example, we entered “beetle rhododendron washington” in our search box, but instead of going to the “Web” we clicked on “Images”.  What appeared on the screen was an array of pictures that fit our search criteria.  By matching the photos to our sample and then clicking on the “Visit Page” feature, we were able to zero in on our sample, read about the insect, then rapidly and accurately identify the insect as a black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus).  No, I did not know the black vine weevil’s scientific name before this search, but include it here as a matter of form so that there can be no confusion as to what insect we are talking about – a good practice to follow when identifying plants, animals and insects for our clients and each other. Note from the editor: An excellent resource for insect photos is BugGuide.net - they even have an ID request feature.

(4) Some of the clues used to positively identify this bug as a weevil (it has a “snout” and its antennae have crooks or “elbows” in them) were stored in our memory banks to be used again in the future. All insect groups have these sorts of identifying characteristics.

Our gardens and other surroundings are terrific sources of material to learn from in clinic. In the case of insects, capture in a jar or closable baggie and bring in some that you are curious about.  I will be happy to walk you through the procedure.  Or, try the above method out at home and let me know what you think of it.

Best regards to all,
Jeff


Resources

BugGuide
http://bugguide.net/

WSU Hortsense: Common Invertebrates
http://hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu/Search/MainMenuWithFactSheet.aspx?CategoryId=13



The Case of the Malformed Malus

Digger Spade, MG Plant Detective


The client came in early in February with a picture of the apple tree in the garden of the house he had just moved into.  The house was built in the early 1900s and the tree looked as though it had been planted around the same time, so probably around 100 years old.  The previous owner had clearly been doing some pruning because the water sprouts were quite small.  If they had been left alone for a few years they would have been ten feet long and two or three inches in diameter.  The client wanted to know how he should look after this new but ancient acquisition.

Since the tree was still dormant it was an excellent time to start pruning.  The first order of business was to remove all of the vertical new-ish looking growth (the water sprouts).  If there were any toward the ends of the main branches that were either growing at angle toward the perimeter of the tree, he might keep one per branch and train it this year toward the horizontal.  That will tend to force the development of fruiting spores and renewal opportunities. Next remove any crossing branches and thin out crowded limbs, even older ones, so that there is good air circulation and easy access to the tree.  The tree will respond to these ministrations by vigorously producing new water sprouts and those can be pulled off (not cut) in July and August so that next winter there should be little need for pruning a lot of vertical growth.  We gave the client links to a couple of sites that give more information on restoring and maintaining old apple trees, and one on apple disease and insect problems.



Since the client didn’t know if the tree was susceptible to scab or cankers (we couldn’t see any in the pictures)  or had problems with coddling moth or apple maggot, we suggested that he consider a dormant oil spray when the first sign of bud break appeared and to start fungicide applications when the first green was showing.

Most trees of this vintage are standards and are genetically programmed to be twenty to thirty feet high.  Convincing them to grow horizontally, say ten feet or less, requires constant maintenance.  If he finds this year that he has disease or serious insect problems,  he should consider pruning at ground level and enjoy some of the highest calorie firewood available.

These days homeowners can choose apple trees with tree heights that don’t exceed their reach and that are resistant to scab.  But caring for trees with maggot or coddling moth problems requires dedication usual for a commercial grower.

D. Spade and Associates

Resources

Pruning
http://ext100.wsu.edu/maritimefruit/wp-content/uploads/sites/36/2015/01/EB0937-PruningWeb.pdf

Spray Schedule for Apples
http://ext100.wsu.edu/spokane/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2015/05/C041-Spray-Schedule-for-Apples-15docx.pdf

Calendar of Events

Free and Open to the Public


Foundation Events
Contact Barb Schickler (barbaraschickler2@gmail.com) or Kathleen Bander (kbwm@camano.net) with ideas about future presenters, subjects for presentations, or possible field trips.

Monthly Plant ID Study Group
Bring a plant to discuss (something you  like or do not recognize; domestic or native; blooming or not) or simply participate in the plant identification process.  Friends, family and the public are welcome. MG education hours are earned. There is free internet. Coffee and snacks are available in the store. Spring is rapidly progressing and soon we will plan outdoor ID outings, but for now we will meet indoors for study! Further questions  can be directed to Karen Gilliam (384-4562, jkgilliam@gmail.com) or Louise Granger (592-5316, rutroad@gmail.com).


April 28
Plant ID Study Group
Thursday, 9 - 11 am, Community Food Co-op, 315 Westerly Rd., Bellingham, in the upstairs meeting room

May 7
Master Gardener Plant Sale
Saturday, 9 am - 2 pm, Hovander Homestead Park

May 13
Foundation Tour of Local Gardens

May 21
Lynden Library Workshop Series: Tomatoes
Saturday, 1 - 2 pm, Lynden Library
Learn the best tips of growing tomatoes in the Pacific Northwest

June 9 
Foundation Field Trip to Extension Research Station

June 11
Lynden Library Workshop Series: Berries
Saturday, 1 - 2 pm, Lynden Library
Food crops that you can savor

June 17 
Foundation Event: Tour of Local Gardens

July 14 
Foundation Event: Field trip to Canada

August 11 
Foundation Event: Hovander Picnic

September 8 
Foundation Presentation: Putting Your Garden to Bed
7:30 - 9 pm, WSUE Extension Office, 1000 N Forest St Suite, Bellingham
Presenter: Marcie, Garden Spot Nursery